Tunneled In: Drivers with Active Secondary Tasks Need More Time to Transition from Automation
summary
A driving-simulator experiment tests how long drivers need to regain control after abrupt automation handoff while playing a tablet game; unstructured transitions occur with 2s/5s/8s before a curve and include audio and visual alerts. Thirty participants (N=30) are measured on standard deviation of road offset and steering-wheel position in a 270° six-projector simulator running real-time simulation software. Results show the 2s condition performs significantly worse than 5s and 8s; 5s vs 8s trends worse but not significant, suggesting a minimum of about five to eight seconds.
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