Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts
summary
Arbitrum is a prototype blockchain layer that moves smart-contract execution off-chain to managers and uses the on-chain verifier only for disputes, claiming any-trust guarantee (one honest manager suffices). It implements a bisection challenge protocol plus one-step proofs ~500 bytes, a Merkle-tree VM with tuple-based memory and constant-time instruction checks. Prototype is in Go with assembly, achieves ~1M hash/sec per VM vs Ethereum ~10k global, and the dispute protocol and VM design are demonstrated working.
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