Algorithms for DNA Data Storage

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" summary

Claims: Microsoft encodes 35 files totaling 200 megabytes in ~2 billion nucleotides, later demonstrates random access from a library of >10 million oligonucleotides. Tools and codes: Reed–Solomon error correction yields perfect retrieval of 83 KB, and DNA Fountain achieves 215 PB/gram and ~85% of Shannon capacity using Luby fountain codes plus screening. Built systems: Catalog stitches prefabricated 20–30 bp fragments to cut synthesis cost and stores full texts like Hitchhiker’s Guide, with retrieval proofs that work end-to-end.

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" chapters (15)

1. 0:00Algorithms for DNA Data Storage
2. 4:20Resilience
3. 4:42Interoperability
4. 5:29Data corruption
5. 6:08Molecular structure
6. 6:571977: First DNA Genome Sequenced
7. 8:582001: Naive Encoding Translating each letter of the alphabet to a combination of DNA base pairs
8. 14:562015: Random access Allowing researchers to selectively find data in DNA without having to sequence the entire genome
9. 16:502017: "DNA Fountain" enhances information density Introducing "fountain codes" allows researchers to achieve 85% of DNA's Shannon Capacity
10. 22:232017: Using DNA to record and store biological interactions Introducing new applications for DNA data storage
11. 25:282018: "Library approach" reduces costs of writing data to DNA Utilizing prefabricated strands of DNA rather than synthesizing DNA base pair by base pair
12. 27:25Bitcoin cold storage in DNA
13. 27:39DNA cryptography
14. 28:03Synthesizing DNA with 6 base pairs instead of 4
15. 28:25DNA computers

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