Quantifying Dinosaur Pee
summary
Calculation uses simple calculus and an exponential decay model versus a discrete model, both giving nearly identical results for 165 million years and an expected value of about 3.11 molecules consumed per water molecule over the Mesozoic. Yearly versus daily rates collapse to the same number, but floating point limits matter — IEEE‑754 precision breaks some prior claims. Conclusion: almost 100 percent of water is at some point dinosaur pee while the probability that every last molecule is so is effectively zero.
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