Boot camp on invariances in graph learning
summary
Equivariance work focuses on concrete constraints and recipes: use representation theory, irreducible representations and Schur’s lemma to force linear layers to mix only matching irreps; use tensor products and Clebsch–Gordan decompositions for equivariant nonlinearities; practical pipelines combine pairwise distances with message passing, gated scalars, or spherical harmonics; alternatives are augmentation or frame averaging (interpolating between single canonicalization and full augmentation) to trade compute for continuity; theoretical universality follows from group averaging, equivariant polynomials, or orbit separation (e.g. deepsets, 2‑WL for R^3 point clouds).
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